- HELLO, EVERYBODY.

WELCOME TO PERSUASIVE
SPEAKING.

I HOPE TONIGHT THAT I CAN GIVE
YOUENOUGHENIUGH INFORMATION SO
YOU

GUYS CAN GET STARTED ON
WRITING THESE SPEECHES.

YOU MAY WANT TO PRINT OUT THESE
POWERPOINT SLIDES AND TAKE

SOME NOTES ON THOSE IF
THAT'S EASIER FOR YOU.

I'M GONNA BEGIN BY DISCUSSING
A DEFINITION OF PERSUASION,

AT LEAST FOR THE PURPOSES OF
WHAT WE'RE GONNA BE DOING

WITH THIS SPEECH.

PERSUASION CAN BE DEFINED
AS THE PROCESS OF PREPARING

AND DELIVERING MESSAGES TO
INDIVIDUALS OR GROUPS IN ORDER

TO ALTER, STRENGTHEN,
OR MAINTAIN ATTITUDES,

BELIEFS, VALUES, OR BEHAVIORS.

NOW, YOU'LL SEE HERE YOU
HAVE A VERY SPECIFIC GOAL.

YOU'RE PREPARING A MESSAGE AND
DELIVERING IT TO THE AUDIENCE

IN ORDER TO ACCOMPLISH
SOMETHING.

THAT'S ONE THING THAT'S A
LITTLE BIT DIFFERENT THAN

WHAT WE'VE DONE.

WE DID HAVE GOALS WITH
INFORMATIVE SPEAKING TO

EDUCATE OUR AUDIENCE OR
ILLUSTRATE SOMETHING THEY MAY

NOT KNOW A LOT ABOUT, BUT
IT'S VERY DIFFERENT THIS TIME

BECAUSE YOU ARE LOOKING TO
CHANGE OUR ACTIONS OR THE WAY

WE THINK ABOUT SOMETHING.

SO IT'S A VERY GOAL-DRIVEN
SPEECH, AND YOU WANT TO KEEP

THIS GOAL AT THE FRONT OF
YOUR MIND AS YOU'RE PUTTING

THINGS TOGETHER.

SO WHEN YOU SET OUT TO START
THIS, YOU WANT TO DETERMINE

WHAT YOUR GOAL ACTUALLY IS.

ARE YOU LOOKING TO CHANGE OR
STRENGTHEN A BELIEF OF OURS,

OR DO YOU WANT TO MOVE US
TO ACTION, OR POSSIBLY BOTH?

SOMETIMES YOU MAY JUST TRY
TO SHIFT OUR THOUGHT PROCESS

A LITTLE BIT AND THEN HOPE
THAT MAYBE EVENTUALLY DOWN THE

LINE WE MAY CHOOSE TO MOVE
TO SOME KIND OF ACTION.

SO YOU WANT TO THINK
ABOUT THAT UP FRONT.

AND AFTER YOU DO THAT, YOU'RE
GOING TO BEGIN TO DEVELOP

A PROPOSITION, AND A
PROPOSITION IN THIS CASE WILL

SERVE AS THE STATEMENT
OF PURPOSE OR THE THESIS

STATEMENT FOR YOUR SPEECH.

THERE ARE 3 TYPES OF
PROPOSITIONS.

THERE ARE PROPOSITIONS OF FACT,
OF VALUE, AND POLICY.

A PROPOSITION OF FACT IS A
STATEMENT WHICH ARGUES THAT

CERTAIN THINGS ARE TRUE.

THE SKY IS BLUE.

THAT'S NOT A PROPOSITION OF
FACT THAT WE'RE REALLY GONNA

HAVE MUCH ARGUMENT ABOUT.

IT'S A FACT THAT WE ALL
ACCEPT, WHERE, YOU KNOW,

TODAY IS NOVEMBER 10,
OR WHATEVER THE CASE MAY BE.

THOSE TYPES OF FACTS
REALLY AREN'T DISPUTABLE.

HOWEVER, FACTS CAN BE
DEBATABLE PROPOSITIONS.

THINK ABOUT THE PROPOSITION,
THERE WERE WEAPONS OF MASS

DESTRUCTION IN IRAQ.

THAT IS A FACT.

THERE EITHER WERE OR THERE
WERE NOT WEAPONS OF MASS

DESTRUCTION IN IRAQ.

HOWEVER, IT IS STILL
VERY DEBATABLE.

WE COULD DISCUSS THAT ALL DAY
AND NIGHT AND WEEKS AND MONTHS

ON END AND POSSIBLY COME
UP WITH DIFFERENT OPINIONS

AT THE END OF IT.

SO PROPOSITIONS OF FACT
ACTUALLY CAN BE CONTROVERSIAL

AND DEBATABLE.

THEN WE HAVE PROPOSITIONS
OF VALUE.

A PROPOSITION OF VALUE IS
A STATEMENT THAT ARGUES THE

VALUE OR WORTH OF SOMETHING.

FRESNO CITY COMMUNITY COLLEGE
IS THE BEST COMMUNITY COLLEGE

IN CALIFORNIA.

SPEECH I IS CRITICAL TO
A GENERAL EDUCATION.

ALL OF THESE THINGS LOOK
AT WHETHER OR NOT

SOMETHING IS GOOD.

WE'RE LOOKING AT THE
VALUE OR WORTH OF IT.

PROPOSITION OF POLICY IS
A STATEMENT THAT CALLS

FOR A SPECIFIC PLAN OR COURSE
OF ACTION TO BE FOLLOWED.

ALL STUDENTS ENROLLED AT
FRESNO CITY COLLEGE SHOULD BE

REQUIRED TO TAKE SPEECH I.

THAT WOULD BE A
PROPOSITION OF POLICY.

WE'RE CALLING FOR A
SPECIFIC COURSE OF ACTION.

BY THE END OF MY SPEECH
TONIGHT, I WANT YOU ALL TO

CONSIDER BUYING ORGANIC.

IT'S A SPECIFIC
COURSE OF ACTION.

NOW, THIS CAN BE ON A
GOVERNMENTAL TRUE POLICY

LEVEL, OR THIS CAN BE AN
INDIVIDUAL ACTION THAT YOU ARE

HOPING TO GET THE
AUDIENCE TO ADOPT.

SO THOSE ARE THE 3 TYPES OF
PROPOSITIONS: FACT, VALUE,

AND POLICY.

FOR THE PURPOSE OF THIS
SPEECH, I WANT YOU ALL TO BE

DEALING WITH A
POLICY PROPOSITION.

I WANT YOU CALLING FOR A
SPECIFIC COURSE OF ACTION BE

FOLLOWED, WHETHER IT BE AT
A TRUE POLICY LEVEL OR

AT THE INDIVIDUAL LEVEL.

I WANT YOU TO CALL TO ACTION.

NOW, THERE ARE QUALITIES
OF A PROPOSITION.

FIRST OF ALL, IT
CALLS FOR CHANGE.

WE WOULDN'T WANT TO SAY,
"TONIGHT I'M GOING TO CONVINCE

"ALL OF YOU THAT DRINKING
ALCOHOL SHOULD BE LABELED

AS HARMFUL."

THAT DOESN'T CALL
FOR A CHANGE.

WE ALREADY HAVE THOSE
HEALTH WARNINGS ON ALCOHOL

THAT'S FOR SALE.

SO IT NEEDS TO CALL FOR CHANGE
ITT'S NOT PERSONALIZED.

YOU DON'T START IT OUT WITH,
"I THINK,"

OR "MY PROPOSITION IS."

THIS TAKES AWAY FROM YOUR
CREDIBILITY AND FROM

THE IMPORTANCE OF YOUR TOPIC.

IT NEEDS TO BE CONTROVERSIAL.

DON'T WANT TO CONVINCE US
ALL THAT SMOKING IS BAD

FOR OUR HEALTH.

MOST SMOKERS I KNOW
WOULD AGREE THAT IT'S BAD

FOR THE HEALTH.

SO IT NEEDS TO BE A
CONTROVERSIAL TOPIC WHERE

THERE ARE TRULY TWO SIDES TO
THIS CONTROVERSY AND WE'RE

LOOKING FOR SOME SORT
OF RESOLUTION, SOME SORT

OF SOLUTION TO A
SOCIETAL PROBLEM.

IT NEEDS TO REVOLVE
AROUND ONE MAIN IDEA.

IF YOU HAVE TOO MANY IDEAS,
YOU'RE BITING OFF TOO MUCH,

YOUR SPEECH BECOMES CONFUSING.

YOU WANT THERE TO BE
ONE MAIN IDEA.

PARTICULARLY WHEN YOU'RE
LOOKING TO GET PEOPLE TO

CHANGE, YOU REALLY WANT TO
KEEP THINGS FOCUSED AND CLEAR.

IT NEEDS TO PROVIDE A
CLEAR AND CONCISE STATEMENT

OF THE CONCLUSION THAT
YOU ARE HOPING FOR.

WE WANT TO HEAR SPECIFICALLY
WHAT YOU'RE ASKING US TO DO

STRAIGHT UP FRONT
IN YOUR PROPOSITION.

AFTER YOU DEVELOP YOUR
PROPOSITION, THE NEXT THING

YOU NEED TO DO IS IDENTIFY
GOOD REASONS TO SUPPORT IT.

SO WHAT MAKES A GOOD REASON?

IS YOUR REASON SUPPORTABLE?

IS IT RELEVANT TO
THE PROPOSITION?

WILL IT HAVE AN IMPACT
ON THE AUDIENCE?

SO IS IT SUPPORTABLE?

SUPPOSE MY PROPOSITION IS,
BY THE END OF MY SPEECH,

I WILL CONVINCE ALL OF YOU
TO EAT ORGANIC.

SO MY POLICY DECISION THAT I'M
LOOKING FOR IS THE AUDIENCE TO

EAT ORGANIC FOODS.

NOW, IS IT SUPPORTABLE?

IF I COME OUT AND SAY, "WELL,
MY GOOD REASON IS THAT I

"STARTED EATING ORGANIC,
AND I FEEL A LOT BETTER.

"I HAVE MORE ENERGY.
I JUST FEEL HEALTHIER.

MY SKIN LOOKS BETTER."

ALL OF THOSE THINGS ARE
JUST PERSONAL REASONS.

IS IT SUPPORTABLE?

COULD I GO OUT AND FIND
RESEARCH ON WHY EATING ORGANIC

HAS HEALTH BENEFITS?

YOU BET.

OK? SO YOU WANT TO MAKE SURE
IT'S SOMETHING YOU CAN GO OUT

AND FIND RESEARCH ON, NOT JUST
BASED ON YOUR OWN INFORMATION.

IS IT RELEVANT TO
THE PROPOSITION?

SO IF YOU CAN SELL
THAT REASON TO US,

WILL IT GET US THAT
MUCH CLOSER TO ADOPTING

YOUR PROPOSITION?

ONE OF THE BEST EXAMPLES I
HAVE OF THIS, I HAD A STUDENT

DO A SPEECH ON SMOKING IN
PUBLIC PLACES, AND ONE OF HER

MAIN TOPICS DEALT WITH
THE IDEA OF TOBACCO TAX.

AND TOBACCO TAX HAD
ABSOLUTELY NOTHING TO DO

WITH HER PROPOSITION.

SO WHETHER WE BOUGHT HER LINE
OF THINKING ON TOBACCO TAX OR

NOT, IT DIDN'T MOVE US ANY
CLOSER TO THE PROPOSITION.

NOW, WILL IT HAVE AN
IMPACT ON THE AUDIENCE?

IS IT AN IMPORTANT REASON
TO YOUR GENERAL AUDIENCE?

OK?

AFTER YOU DEVELOP YOUR
PROPOSITION, YOU WANT TO,

AGAIN, DEVELOP YOUR REASONS,
AND HERE ARE SOME DIFFERENT

TYPES OF REASONS
THAT YOU CAN USE.

YOU CAN ARGUE FROM EXAMPLE.

THIS IS PRETTY
SELF-EXPLANATORY.

YOU FIND EXAMPLES THAT
SUPPORT YOUR CASE.

BUT WHENEVER YOU DO--WHEN YOU
DEVELOP A LINE OF ARGUMENT,

YOU WANT TO REALLY DO SOME
CHECKS TO MAKE SURE IT'S

A SOLID ARGUMENT.

SO THE CHECKS ON ARGUING
FROM EXAMPLE: ARE ENOUGH

EXAMPLES CITED?

DID YOU FIND THE ONE RANDOM
ONE, OR CAN YOU FIND SEVERAL?

ARE THEY TYPICAL?

AND ARE NEGATIVE
EXAMPLES ACCOUNTED FOR?

BECAUSE YOU CAN GUARANTEE YOUR
AUDIENCE IS GOING TO THINK

OF THOSE NEGATIVE
EXAMPLES IN THEIR HEAD.

THEY ARE GOING TO SAY,
"OH, BUT WHAT ABOUT THE TIME

THAT HAPPENED?"

SO YOU WANT TO MAKE SURE THAT
YOU'RE ACCOUNTING FOR THOSE

TYPE OF EXAMPLES AS WELL.

YOU CAN ARGUE FROM ANALOGY.

THIS IS WHERE YOU FIND A
SINGLE COMPARABLE EXAMPLE.

BUT WHEN YOU DO THIS, YOU WANT
TO ASK YOURSELF, IS THIS TRULY

A COMPARABLE EXAMPLE?

FOR EXAMPLE, PEOPLE HAVE OFTEN
COMPARED IRAQ TO VIETNAM,

BUT THERE ARE PEOPLE WHO ARGUE
THAT THAT IS NOT ACCURATE,

THAT'S NOT A VALID COMPARISON.

SO YOU WANT TO MAKE SURE YOUR
COMPARISONS ARE ACCURATE AND

THAT YOU'RE NOT COMPARING
APPLES AND ORANGES PER SE.

ARGUING FROM CAUSATION--THIS
IS WHEN YOU SUPPORT A CLAIM BY

CITING EVENTS THAT HAVE
OCCURRED THAT BRING

ABOUT THE CLAIM.

SO YOU'RE SAYING
"A" CAUSES 'B."

ARE THE EVENTS ALONE
SUFFICIENT TO CAUSE

A STATED EFFECT?

DO OTHER EVENTS ACCOMPANYING
THE CITED EVENT ACTUALLY CAUSE

THE EFFECT, AND IS THIS
RELATIONSHIP CONSISTENT?

A GOOD EXAMPLE FOR THIS: WE
ARE HEARING A LOT NOW THAT

VACCINATIONS IN CHILDREN ARE
LEADING TOWARDS CONDITIONS

SUCH AS AUTISM AND ALLERGIES
AND ALL SORTS OF THINGS.

SO WE HAVE TO LOOK BECAUSE
IF WE'RE ARGUING BY CAUSE,

WE HAVE TO LOOK AND
ASK THESE QUESTIONS.

ARE THESE EVENTS ALONE
SUFFICIENT TO CAUSE

THE STATED EFFECT?

SO IS A VACCINATION
ALONE ENOUGH TO CAUSE IT?

DO OTHER EVENTS ACCOMPANYING
THE CITED EVENT ACTUALLY CAUSE

THE EFFECT?

SO IS THERE HEREDITY FACTORS,
OTHER EVENTS INVOLVED?

AND IS THE RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN THE EVENTS

AND EFFECT CONSISTENT?

AND YOU SEE BOTH SIDES
OF THE ARGUMENT.

WE HAVE THE FOLKS SAYING THAT
VACCINATIONS ARE LEADING TO

DIFFERENT DISORDERS SAYING
THAT, YES, IT'S ENOUGH

AND THE RELATIONSHIP IS
BECOMING CONSISTENT, AND THEN,

ON THE OTHER HAND,
THE OPPONENTS TO THAT ARGUMENT

ARE SAYING NO, THAT IT
IS IN FACT INCONSISTENT.

SO THESE ARE THE TYPE OF
QUESTIONS THAT COME UP WHEN

YOU'RE ARGUING FROM CAUSATION.

ARGUING FROM SIGN.

THIS IS CITING INFORMATION
THAT SIGNALS A CLAIM.

YOU KNOW, WHEN I WASH MY CAR,
IT'S GOING TO RAIN.

SO THOSE TYPES OF
THINGS, YOU KNOW.

GREY CLOUDS ARE
A SIGN OF RAIN.

CURRENTLY WITH THE ECONOMY,
WE HAVE PEOPLE SAYING THAT THE

CURRENT ECONOMIC TIME AND THE
RECESSION WE'RE IN ARE BAD

ENOUGH, ARE SIGNS THAT
INDICATE THE POSSIBILITY

OF SOMETHING MORE
SIGNIFICANT LIKE A DEPRESSION.

BUT QUESTIONS TO ASK YOURSELF--

DO THE SIGNS ALWAYS INDICATE
THE CONCLUSION?

AND ARE CONTRADICTORY
SIGNS IN EVIDENCE?

WE'VE HAD RECESSIONS BEFORE,
AND THEY HAVEN'T ALWAYS LED TO

A DEPRESSION.

SO THEY DON'T ALWAYS
INDICATE THE CONCLUSION.

SO THESE ARE THE KIND OF
THINGS YOU WANT TO LOOK AT.

ARGUE FROM AUTHORITY--SUPPORT
A CLAIM WITH THE OPINIONS

OF EXPERTS.

IS THE SOURCE OF THE TESTIMONY
A RECOGNIZED AUTHORITY, AND IS

THE OPINION CONSISTENT
WITH OTHER AUTHORITIES?

SO OF COURSE WHEN YOU'RE
QUOTING PEOPLE YOU WANT TO

MAKE SURE YOU'RE QUOTING
EXPERTS ON YOUR TOPIC.

THE ACTUAL FORMAT YOU'RE GOING
TO USE IS CALLED

A PROBLEM-SOLUTION FORMAT.

YOUR INTRODUCTION LOOKS A
LOT LIKE IT HAS BEFORE.

AND ALL OF THIS, BY THE WAY,
IS LAID OUT ON THE OUTLINE

THAT WAS PUT UP A COUPLE
SPACES EARLIER IN THE MODULE,

BUT I WANT TO JUST DISCUSS
IT ALL A LITTLE BIT.

SO YOU MAY WANT TO PRINT THAT
OFF, AND IT MIGHT MAKE IT

A LITTLE BIT EASIER
TO FOLLOW ALONG.

BUT THE INTRODUCTION--YOU
START WITH YOUR

ATTENTION GETTER.

YOUR ATTENTION GETTER IS MORE
IMPORTANT NOW THAN EVER.

WHEN YOU'RE TRYING TO CONVINCE
PEOPLE OF SOMETHING, YOU WANT

TO GRAB THEIR ATTENTION
AND THEIR INTEREST RIGHT

AWAY IMMEDIATELY.

THIS ISN'T THE TIME TO SAY,
"HOW MANY OF YOU HAVE

HEARD OF..."

OR, "HAVE YOU EVER..."

THIS IS WHEN YOU PULL OUT
A GOOD ATTENTION GETTER.

THEN, OF COURSE, YOU WANT TO
RELATE THE TOPIC TO YOURSELF

AND OTHERS.

ESTABLISH YOUR CREDIBILITY.

IN RELATING IT TO THE
AUDIENCE, LET THEM KNOW WHY

THIS IS AN IMPORTANT
TOPIC TO THEM.

THEN YOU STATE
YOUR PROPOSITION.

"TODAY, I WOULD LIKE TO
CONVINCE YOU TO VOTE IN FAVOR

OF THE SCHOOL TAX LEVY ON
THE NOVEMBER BALLOT."

THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF
A PROPOSITION.

IT SPECIFICALLY SAYS WHO
WE WANT TO DO SOMETHING--

IT WOULD BE YOU,
THE AUDIENCE--AND EXACTLY WHAT

WE WANT THEM TO DO.

WE WANT YOU TO VOTE IN
FAVOR OF THE SCHOOL TAX LEVY

ON THE NOVEMBER BALLOT.

IT'S VERY CLEAR WHAT THE
SPEAKER IS HOPING TO ACHIEVE

WITH THE AUDIENCE.

AGAIN, THERE ARE A FEW
QUALITIES OF THE PROPOSITION

LISTED THERE.

SECOND PART OF YOUR
PROPOSITION--YOU HAVE TO HAVE

A GOAL TO EITHER AFFECT THE
ATTITUDES, BELIEFS, OR MOVE

THE AUDIENCE TO ACTION.

AND AGAIN, WE'RE REALLY
LOOKING FOR A POLICY MOVING

YOUR AUDIENCE TO ACTION.

AND THEN YOU WANT TO PREVIEW
YOUR MAIN POINTS LIKE ALWAYS.

TELL US SPECIFICALLY WHAT THOSE
MAIN POINTS ARE GOING TO BE.

BODY OF THE
SPEECH--YOU MAY HAVE 2,

3, 4 MAIN POINTS.

AS YOU GUYS KNOW,
THAT MAY VARY.

WITH THE PROBLEM-SOLUTION
PATTERN, WHICH WE'RE USING,

THE LOGIC IS THAT WHEN A
PROBLEM IS PRESENTED THAT IS

NOT OR CANNOT BE SOLVED
WITH CURRENT MEASURES, YOUR

PROPOSAL CAN SOLVE THE PROBLEM
PRACTICALLY AND BENEFICIALLY.

AND THEN, OF COURSE,
WE SHOULD ADOPT IT.

SO HERE, THE PROBLEM:
THE SHORTAGE OF MONEY

IN THE SCHOOLS IS RESULTING
IN SERIOUS PROBLEMS.

SO THE SPEAKER'S SETTING
OUT TO PAINT A PICTURE

OF THE CURRENT SITUATION
AND HOW IT'S PROBLEMATIC.

WE'RE GOING TO PRESENT
ARGUMENTS AND EVIDENCE.

AGAIN, YOU'RE GONNA USE THAT
SAME PROCESS WE'VE TALKED

ABOUT BEFORE: CLAIM,
SOURCE, SUPPORT.

YOU'RE GONNA MAKE UP A CLAIM,
AND YOU'RE GONNA BACK IT

WITH EVIDENCE,
WITH YOUR SUPPORT.

THEN, AFTER YOU PRESENT THE
PROBLEM, YOU GO INTO

THE SOLUTION PHASE.

THIS IS A VERY
DETAILED SOLUTION PHASE.

YOU TELL EXACTLY
WHAT THE PLAN IS.

MY PLAN WOULDN'T BE
JUST EAT ORGANIC.

IT WOULD BE REALLY SPECIFIC.

LOOK THROUGH YOUR CUPBOARDS,
AND LOOK AT YOUR LABELS,

AND ELIMINATE THESE
INGREDIENTS FROM YOUR PANTRY.

AND WHEN YOU SHOP,
LOOK FOR THIS.

AND HERE'S POSSIBILITY OF
BEING PART OF AN ORGANIC CO-OP

IN FRESNO AND ET CETERA,
ET CETERA, ET CETERA.

IT'S VERY SPECIFIC.

YOU SPECIFICALLY
LAY OUT A PLAN.

THE PLAN CAN BE MULTIFACETED.

YOU COULD ASK US TO WRITE
OUR CONGRESSMEN OR TO VOTE

FOR A CERTAIN PROPOSITION IF
THIS HAD BEEN A FEW WEEKS AGO

OR TO SUPPORT AN ORGANIZATION
WITH A DONATION.

AND IN ADDITION, GIVE US SOME
SPECIFIC THINGS WE CAN DO

ON A PERSONAL LEVEL.

SO IF I WAS DOING A SPEECH
ON HELPING THE ENVIRONMENT

WITH GLOBAL WARMING, I
COULD ASK PEOPLE TO VOTE

FOR PROPOSITIONS, IF THIS WAS
A FEW WEEKS AGO, THAT DEALT

WITH ALTERNATIVE FUEL SOURCES.

I COULD ALSO ASK PEOPLE,
NEXT TIME YOU BUY A CAR,

BUY A HYBRID.

I COULD ASK PEOPLE TO WRITE
TO CONGRESSMEN AND SENATORS TO

TRY AND ADVOCATE
FOR POLICY CHANGE.

AND THEN I COULD LOOK AT
VERY PERSONAL THINGS--AGAIN,

LIKE BUYING THE HYBRID CAR OR
MAKING SURE YOU RECYCLE, OR

CARPOOLING WHEN AVAILABLE,
ET CETERA, ET CETERA.

SO IT CAN BE MULTIFACETED.

BUT THE IMPORTANT THING IS,
IS THAT YOUR PLAN MUST BE

DETAILED AND YOUR PLAN MUST
ALSO BE BACKED WITH EVIDENCE.

YOU WANT EXPERTS TO SAY THAT
YOUR SOLUTION IS THE BEST

SOLUTION AND THEN, FOR NOW,
A TAX LEVY IS THE BEST METHOD

OF SOLVING THE
SCHOOL'S PROBLEMS.

AGAIN, THIS IS EVIDENCE THAT
SHOWS YOUR SOLUTION IS

THE BEST POSSIBLE SOLUTION.

SO YOU KIND OF PRESENT
A SOLUTION AND THEN KIND

OF VISUALIZE THAT
SOLUTION IN ACTION.

THEN YOU GO INTO YOUR
CONCLUSION, JUST LIKE ALWAYS.

BRAKE LIGHTS, RESTATE YOUR
PROPOSITION, SUMMARIZE YOUR

MAIN POINTS, AND END IN
A MEMORABLE WAY.

IT LOOKS A LOT LIKE THE
CONCLUSIONS YOU'VE DONE

IN THE PAST.

THIS IS A VERY
SIMPLE FORMAT, GUYS.

IT'S VERY MUCH LIKE OUR
LOGICAL THOUGHT PROCESS.

WE HEAR A PROBLEM, OUR INNATE
RESPONSE IS TO SOLVE THAT

PROBLEM, AND THAT'S
WHAT YOU'RE DOING HERE.

YOU ILLUSTRATE THE PROBLEM,
YOU GET US WORRIED AND UPSET

ABOUT IT, AND THEN YOU SHOW US
HOW THERE'S AN EASY, FANTASTIC

SOLUTION TO REMEDY
THAT PROBLEM.

SO THAT'S ABOUT IT.

IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS,
DROP ME A NOTE.